The Singular Voice of Being

John Duns Scotus and Ultimate Difference

Andrew T. LaZella

Medieval Philosophy: Texts and Studies

Pages: 304

Fordham University Press

This book can be opened with

Hardback

ISBN: 9780823284573

Published: 07 May 2019

$72.00

eBook (ePub)

ISBN: 9780823284580

Published: 07 May 2019

$71.99

Note on our eBooks: you can read our eBooks (ePUB or PDF) on the free Fordham Books app on iOS, Android, and desktop. To purchase a digital book you will need to create an account if you don’t already have one. After purchasing you will receive instructions on how to get started.

Description

The Singular Voice of Being reconsiders John Duns Scotus’s well-studied theory of the univocity of being in light of his less explored discussions of ultimate difference. Ultimate difference is a notion introduced by Aristotle and known by the Aristotelian tradition, but one that, this book argues, Scotus radically retrofits to buttress his doctrine of univocity. Scotus broadens ultimate difference to include not only specific differences, but also intrinsic modes of being (e.g., finite/infinite) and principles of individuation (i.e., haecceitates). Furthermore, he deepens it by divorcing it from anything with categorical classification, such as substantial form. Scotus uses his revamped notion of ultimate difference as a means of dividing being, despite the longstanding Parmenidean arguments against such division. The book highlights the unique role of difference in Scotus’s thought, which conceives of difference not as a fall from the perfect unity of being but rather as a perfective determination of an otherwise indifferent concept. The division of being culminates in individuation as the final degree of perfection, which constitutes indivisible (i.e., singular) degrees of being. This systematic study of ultimate difference opens new dimensions for understanding Scotus’s dense thought with respect to not only univocity, but also to individuation, cognition, and acts of the will.

Praise

LaZella covers the familiar territory of Scotus’s work on the univocity of being with particular skill and insight, rendering its content intelligible with the subtlety and attention to context that Scotus demands.---Paul Symington, Franciscan University of Steubenville

Author(s)

Andrew LaZella is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Scranton. He received his PhD from DePaul University in 2010.

Contents

List of Abbreviation / ix

Introduction: Solomon’s Difficulty / 1
Prologue, 1 • To Cut Being at Its Joints, 1 • The Inadequacy
of Thought and Language, 4 • Vain Repetition and the Division
of Being, 8 • On What Follows, 10 • On Why It Matters, 13

Part I. Being and Ultimate Difference

1. Being Is Said in Many Ways / 17
Univocity, Equivocity, Analogy, 17 • Univocity of Being, 23 •
Aquinas and Henry on Analogy, 29 • Why Univocity?, 33 •
Thales’s Mistake, 38

2. The Real Concept of Being / 41
Real Concepts, 41 • Transcendental Quid and Quale, 47 •
The Double Primacy of Being, 50 • How Does Scotus Solve
the Problems of Univocity?, 53 • Putting the World Back
Together Too Soon, 57

3. Ultimate Difference / 61
Ultimate Differences, 62 • Extracategorial Difference, 67 •
Th e Real Basis of Ultimately Differential Concepts, 69 •
Th e Ground of Primary Diversity, 70 •
Termination of Quidditative Orders, 86

Part II. Regions of Ultimate Difference

4. The First Cut—The Intrinsic Modes of Being / 93
Intrinsic Modes and the Modal Distinction, 93 • The Intrinsic Modes
of Being, 95 • Transcendental Magnitude, 98 • Infinite and Finite
Magnitudes, 100 • Nonadditive Intensity, 109

5. Ultimate Specific Differences / 120
The Formal Distinction, 120 • Ultimate versus Nonultimate Specific
Differences, 124 • Scotus’s Innovation, 131 • Real Community Prior to
the One and Many, 139 • A Dust Cloud of Differences?, 145

6. Haecceitas, or Naked Singularity / 150
What Must Individuation Explain?, 151 • Matter as the Principle
of Individuation, 153 • What Else Is (Not) the Principle of
Individuation?, 157 • Haecceitas as Ultimate Individual Difference,
165 • The Threefold Comparison to Ultimate Specific Differences,
168 • Bare Particularity versus Naked Singularity, 177

Conclusion: I Wouldn’t Know Him from Adam / 181
The Intelligibility of Singulars, 182 • Singular Volitions, 187 •
Postscript, 191

Acknowledgments / 193

Notes / 195

Bibliography / 249

Index / 263